Specific energy consumption by transport mode

The specific energy consumption of the different modes of transport has been decreasing or stable until 2019. However, there was an increase in 2020 and 2021, especially for public transport, due to lower occupancy rates. In 2023, specific energy consumption is still under 2019 level for cars (-0.8%) and rail (-5%) while specific consumption of buses and aviation are higher than in 2019 (12 and 9% respectively).
In 2023, cars require 1.8 times more energy per passenger-km than buses, and 7 times more than rail transport. Domestic air transport is more than twice more energy intensive than cars and 16 times more intensive than rail.

Combined