Energy expenditures of households

  • Since 2019, annual energy expenditures of households for housing increased by 2.5%/year in the EU to reach around 1450 EUR2015 per household, the same level as in 2010. Previously, it has decreased by 1.1%/year between 2010 and 2019.
  • The majority of EU MS have seen an increase in energy expenditures since 2019, except in France, Spain, Hungary, Malta, Slovakia and Slovenia.
  • Over 2010-2019, energy expenditures decreased in most of the EU countries, particularly in countries with high energy expenditure.
  • In 2023, energy expenditures per household significantly increased compared to 2021, correlated to the surge of energy prices. It ranged, at constant prices, from 507 EUR in Bulgaria to more than 2000 EUR in Austria and Ireland. 9 of the 10 countries with the highest GDP per capita have the highest energy expenditures (except France).

Annual energy expenditures of households for housing



  • Despite the persistent growth in energy expenditures, the share of households budgets allocated to energy expenditures slightly declined over 2010-2023, at EU level (-0.2 percentage points) and in 23 MS. It varied from 1.7% in Malta to more than 6% in Czechia, Estonia and Latvia, with an average of 4% at EU level.
  • The highest decreased happened in Hungary and Denmark, with a reduction of 6 and 2 percentage points, respectively, since 2010.

Share of energy expenditures for housing in the households budget