Drivers of energy consumption per dwelling | EU consumption drivers

Between 2010 and 2023, household energy consumption decreased by 59 Mtoe at EU level.
Several factors have contributed to increase consumption: the increase in the number of dwellings (20 Mtoe) and the number of appliances per dwelling (4 Mtoe), as well as the trend towards larger dwellings (6 Mtoe), corresponding to a total “activity effect” of around 29 Mtoe.
However, this increase in activity was offset by significant energy savings (-55 Mtoe) and also by climate difference (-32 Mtoe) as 2023 was almost 20% warmer than 2010.
The largest part of energy savings was observed since 2019 (28.5 Mtoe), while only 26.5 Mtoe were added between 2010 and 2019.
Behavioral effects (“Others”) decreased consumption by 1.4 Mtoe over 2010-2023.

Between 2010 and 2019, household energy consumption has decreased by 35 Mtoe.
The “activity effect” would have increased consumption by around 20 Mtoe.
Energy savings have totally offset this activity effect, amounting to 26 Mtoe, and climate differences have decreased consumption by around 29 Mtoe, as 2019 was 17% warmer.

Between 2019 and 2023, household energy consumption has decreased by 24 Mtoe.
The “activity effect” would have increased consumption by around 9 Mtoe.
Energy savings have reduced consumption by 28.5 Mtoe.
Behavioral effects have slightly decreased consumption (-1.3 Mtoe), as well as climate differences (-3 Mtoe).

Drivers of energy consumption variation in residential at EU level (2019-2023)

Combined