Household energy consumption by energy in the EU

  • Natural gas is the most widely used energy source by households in the EU. Its share remained relatively stable until 2021 (around 34%), before decreasing significantly by 3 points to 31% in 2023.
  • Electricity comes second with a steadily increasing share, rising from 21% in 2000 to 22.5% in 2010, 25% in 2021 and 27% in 2023. This increase has accelerated significantly since 2021 (+2 pp in two years). Malta, Bulgaria and Sweden have the highest penetration of electricity with respective shares of 75%, 52% and 49%.
  • Oil is slowly being replaced by other energy sources (11% in 2023 compared to 15% in 2010 and 22% in 2000) but its use remains important in the island countries (Ireland and Cyprus).
  • The share of renewables (wood, solar) stood at 20% in 2023. It increased by 5 pp between 2000 and 2010, but has shown a much slower progression since then (+3 pp). Four countries have a share twice higher: Croatia, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania (between 39% and 45%).

Household energy consumption by energy in the EU