Primary consumption and GDP

  • Decrease in primary consumption in 2023 (-4.5%) despite a slight increase in GDP (+0.4%).
  • Stagnation of primary consumption between 2014 and 2019, although GDP increased by 2.2%/year. Downward trend in primary consumption since 2019 (-2.9%/year), despite GDP rising (+1.1%/year).
  • This follows a decrease of 1.7%/year between 2010 and 2014.

Primary consumption (normal climate) and GDP trends in the EU

Annual growth rate of primary consumption (normal climate) and GDP trends (EU)

  • Declining trend in primary consumption (at normal climate) in most countries since 2010: between -1% and -2% per year in 12 Member States and between -2%/year and -4%/year in 11 other Member States.

Primary consumption (normal climate) and GDP trends (2010-2023)