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Last update November 2021

EU refers to the EU27

Adjusted energy intensities

• After adjusting for differences in general price levels, by converting GDP at purchasing power parities (ppp), final intensities decrease for countries with low prices (such as the central-eastern or southern countries), thus reducing the gap between EU countries. For example, in Romania and Bulgaria the adjusted intensity is more than twice as low as the observed intensity; in Lithuania, Poland and Hungary it is about 60% of the observed intensity.

Final energy intensities at ppp in 2019 (normal climate)

• Some of the observed differences in final energy intensity levels after ppp corrections can be further adjusted to account for some other quantifiable national characteristics, such as climate and the structure of economic and industrial activities. The adjustment to the average economic structure and climate of the EU makes the comparison of final energy intensities more meaningful and reduces the gap between countries.

Final energy intensities adjusted at ppp and EU average structure and climate (2019)