Final drivers of energy consumption variation

Final energy consumption has decreased by 72 Mtoe since 2019 to 856 Mtoe.
This is the result of opposite effects: factors contributing to rise consumption (mostly liked to higher economic activity) and other factors that reduce it (mostly energy savings).
The higher level of activity (“activity effect”) in industry and services, and an increase in the number of dwellings and their size, as well as in the number of households appliances, partly offset by a reduction in transport traffic, increased the final energy consumption, by 20.5 Mtoe (+16 Mtoe in buildings, 6.5 Mtoe in industry and -2 Mtoe in transport).
Energy savings reduced consumption by about 65 Mtoe (55% of which in buildings,35% in industry and 10% in transport).
Structural effects (mainly the transition to less energy-intensive branches in industry) contributed to a reduction of 11 Mtoe.
Lower heating comfort and other behavioral changes, driven by soaring energy prices (“other effects”) decreased consumption by 12 Mtoe.
Climate differences decreased consumption by a further 4 Mtoe, as 2023 was warmer than 2019.

Between 2010 and 2019, final consumption decreased by 41 Mtoe.
The activity effect increased the final energy consumption by 88 Mtoe (43% of which in buildings, 31% in transport and 26% in industry).
Energy savings reduced consumption by about 68 Mtoe (43% in buildings, 30% in industry, 27% in transport).
Structural effects (mainly the transition to less energy-intensive branches in industry) had a marginal effect (-9 Mtoe).
Climate differences (2019 being much warmer than 2010) contributed to decrease consumption by 40 Mtoe.
Other effects, mainly linked to lower comfort, and other behavioral changes decreased consumption by 13 Mtoe.