Relative levels of energy intensities by branch (machinery = 1) in the EU

  • Primary metals, the most energy intensive branch, require around 22 times more energy to produce one unit of value added than machinery, the lowest energy intensive branch.
  • Non-metallic minerals are 21 times more intensive and paper 19 times.
  • Due to that fact, a reduction in the share of energy intensive branches in the industrial value added with an increase in the share of equipment and machinery will result, all things being equal, in a reduction of the average energy intensity of manufacturing.

Energy intensities by branch in 2021 (EU)